Becoming a U.S. citizen is a major milestone for many immigrants. Whether you’re seeking better opportunities, stability, or the ability to vote, understanding the US citizenship application requirements is the first and most important step.
This guide explains everything you need to know about eligibility, documentation, and the application process for U.S. citizenship in 2025.
Who Can Apply for U.S. Citizenship?
To apply for U.S. citizenship through naturalization, you must meet specific criteria set by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Here are the key eligibility requirements:
1. Be at Least 18 Years Old
You must be 18 or older at the time of filing Form N-400 (Application for Naturalization).
2. Hold a Green Card (Permanent Resident Status)
You must have had lawful permanent resident (LPR) status (i.e., a green card) for:
- At least 5 years, or
- 3 years, if you are married to a U.S. citizen
3. Continuous Residence and Physical Presence
You must show:
- Continuous residence in the U.S. for the required period (5 or 3 years)
- Physical presence in the U.S. for at least 30 months out of the last 5 years, or 18 months if applying through a U.S. citizen spouse
4. Good Moral Character
You must demonstrate good moral character during the qualifying period. This means no serious criminal offenses, fraud, or immigration violations.
5. English Language Proficiency
Applicants must:
- Read, write, and speak basic English
- Pass a civics test covering U.S. history and government
Note: Some age-based and medical exceptions apply
6. Attachment to the U.S. Constitution
You must be willing to support and defend the U.S. Constitution and take the Oath of Allegiance.
Documents Required for U.S. Citizenship Application
When filing Form N-400, you’ll need to provide supporting documents, including:
- A copy of your Green Card (front and back)
- Evidence of marriage to a U.S. citizen (if applicable)
- Proof of residency and travel history
- Tax returns or IRS transcripts (especially for those applying based on marriage)
- Legal documents for name changes, arrests, or court proceedings (if any)
How to Apply for U.S. Citizenship (Step-by-Step)
Here’s a simplified breakdown of the application process:
Step 1: Prepare Form N-400
Download Form N-400 from the USCIS website. Complete it carefully, providing accurate and honest information.
Step 2: Gather Supporting Documents
Collect all necessary documents before filing, including identity, residency, and legal history records.
Step 3: Pay the Filing Fee
As of 2025, the filing fee for Form N-400 is $760, which includes the biometric services fee. Fee waivers may be available for eligible applicants.
Step 4: Submit Your Application
You can apply:
- Online via your USCIS account
- By mail to the correct USCIS address for your location
Step 5: Attend Biometrics Appointment
You will be scheduled for fingerprinting and a background check at your nearest USCIS center.
Step 6: Complete the Citizenship Interview
USCIS will test your English skills and civics knowledge. Be prepared to answer questions about your background, residence, and the U.S. government.
Step 7: Take the Oath of Allegiance
If approved, you’ll be invited to a naturalization ceremony where you’ll take the Oath of Allegiance and officially become a U.S. citizen.
How Long Does the Process Take?
The naturalization process typically takes 8 to 12 months, depending on:
- Your location
- USCIS processing times
- Whether additional documents are needed
Check the USCIS processing times tool for updated estimates.
Final Thoughts
Understanding the U.S. citizenship application requirements is essential before starting the naturalization process. Make sure you meet the eligibility criteria, gather the correct documents, and prepare for the interview and civics test.
Applying for U.S. citizenship is a serious legal process—but with the right information and preparation, it can also be a life-changing opportunity.
